A proposed lung ultrasound and phenotypic algorithm for the care of COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory failure

Can J Anaesth. 2020 Oct;67(10):1393-1404. doi: 10.1007/s12630-020-01704-6. Epub 2020 May 21.

Abstract

Pulmonary complications are the most common clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). From recent clinical observation, two phenotypes have emerged: a low elastance or L-type and a high elastance or H-type. Clinical presentation, pathophysiology, pulmonary mechanics, radiological and ultrasound findings of these two phenotypes are different. Consequently, the therapeutic approach also varies between the two. We propose a management algorithm that combines the respiratory rate and oxygenation index with bedside lung ultrasound examination and monitoring that could help determine earlier the requirement for intubation and other surveillance of COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure.

RéSUMé: Les complications pulmonaires du coronavirus (COVID-19) constituent ses manifestations cliniques les plus fréquentes. De récentes observations cliniques ont fait émerger deux phénotypes : le phénotype à élastance faible ou type L (low), et le phénotype à élastance élevée, ou type H (high). La présentation clinique, la physiopathologie, les mécanismes pulmonaires, ainsi que les observations radiologiques et échographiques de ces deux différents phénotypes sont différents. L’approche thérapeutique variera par conséquent selon le phénotype des patients atteints de COVID-19 souffrant d’insuffisance respiratoire.

Keywords: COVID-19; and oxygenation index; lung ultrasound; respiratory failure; respiratory rate.

MeSH terms

  • Acute Disease
  • Algorithms
  • COVID-19
  • Coronavirus Infections / complications*
  • Coronavirus Infections / diagnostic imaging
  • Humans
  • Lung / diagnostic imaging*
  • Lung / physiopathology
  • Lung / virology
  • Oxygen / metabolism
  • Pandemics
  • Phenotype
  • Pneumonia, Viral / complications*
  • Pneumonia, Viral / diagnostic imaging
  • Point-of-Care Systems
  • Respiratory Insufficiency / diagnostic imaging*
  • Respiratory Insufficiency / virology
  • Respiratory Rate / physiology
  • Ultrasonography*

Substances

  • Oxygen