Deeply cooled and temperature controlled microjets: Liquid ammonia solutions released into vacuum for analysis by photoelectron spectroscopy

Tillmann Buttersack; Philip E Mason; Pavel Jungwirth; H Christian Schewe; Bernd Winter; Robert Seidel; Ryan S McMullen; Stephen E Bradforth

doi:10.1063/1.5141359

Deeply cooled and temperature controlled microjets: Liquid ammonia solutions released into vacuum for analysis by photoelectron spectroscopy

Rev Sci Instrum. 2020 Apr 1;91(4):043101. doi: 10.1063/1.5141359.

Authors

Tillmann Buttersack¹, Philip E Mason¹, Pavel Jungwirth¹, H Christian Schewe², Bernd Winter², Robert Seidel³, Ryan S McMullen⁴, Stephen E Bradforth⁴

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
² Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Molekülphysik, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
³ Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany and Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
⁴ Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, USA.

PMID: 32357686
DOI: 10.1063/1.5141359

Abstract

A versatile, temperature controlled apparatus is presented, which generates deeply cooled liquid microjets of condensed gases, expelling them via a small aperture into vacuum for use in photoelectron spectroscopy (PES). The functionality of the design is demonstrated by temperature- and concentration-dependent PES measurements of liquid ammonia and solutions of KI and NH₄I in liquid ammonia. The experimental setup is not limited to the usage of liquid ammonia solutions solely.