Effect of N, N Coordination and RuII Halide Bond in Enhancing Selective Toxicity of a Tyramine-Based RuII (p-Cymene) Complex

Inorg Chem. 2020 May 4;59(9):6581-6594. doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00694. Epub 2020 Apr 15.

Abstract

Ruthenium compounds are promising anticancer candidates owing to their lower side-effects and encouraging activities against resistant tumors. Half-sandwich piano-stool type RuII compounds of general formula [(L)RuII6-arene)(X)]+ (L = chelating bidentate ligand, X = halide) have exhibited significant therapeutic potential against cisplatin-resistant tumor cell lines. In RuII (p-cymene) based complexes, the change of the halide leaving group has led to several interesting features, viz., hydrolytic stability, resistance toward thiols, and alteration in pathways of action. Tyramine is a naturally occurring monoamine which acts as a catecholamine precursor in humans. We synthesized a family of N,N and N,O coordinated RuII (p-cymene) complexes, [(L)RuII6-arene)(X)]+ (1-4), with tyramine and varied the halide (X = Cl, I) to investigate the difference in reactivity. Our studies showed that complex 2 bearing N,N coordination with an iodido leaving group shows selective in vitro cytotoxicity against the pancreatic cancer cell line MIA PaCa-2 (IC50 ca. 5 μM) but is less toxic to triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep G2), and the normal human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF-1). Complex 2 displays stability toward hydrolysis and does not bind with glutathione, as confirmed by 1H NMR and ESI-HRMS experiments. The inert nature of 2 leads to enhancement of cytotoxicity (IC50 = 5.3 ± 1 μM) upon increasing the cellular treatment time from 48 to 72 h.

MeSH terms

  • Antineoplastic Agents / chemical synthesis
  • Antineoplastic Agents / chemistry
  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology*
  • Cell Line
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • Cell Survival / drug effects
  • Cisplatin / pharmacology
  • Coordination Complexes / chemical synthesis
  • Coordination Complexes / chemistry
  • Coordination Complexes / pharmacology*
  • Crystallography, X-Ray
  • Cymenes / chemistry
  • Cymenes / pharmacology*
  • Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / drug effects
  • Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
  • Humans
  • Ligands
  • Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / drug effects
  • Models, Molecular
  • Molecular Structure
  • Ruthenium / chemistry
  • Ruthenium / pharmacology*
  • Tyramine / chemistry
  • Tyramine / pharmacology*

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Coordination Complexes
  • Cymenes
  • Ligands
  • 4-cymene
  • Ruthenium
  • Cisplatin
  • Tyramine