Overview of treatment approaches to osteoporosis

Br J Pharmacol. 2021 May;178(9):1891-1906. doi: 10.1111/bph.15024. Epub 2020 Mar 20.

Abstract

Efficient therapies are available for the treatment of osteoporosis. Anti-resorptive therapies, including bisphosphonates and denosumab, increase bone mineral density (BMD) and reduce the risk of fractures by 20-70%. Bone-forming or dual-action treatments stimulate bone formation and increase BMD more than the anti-resorptive therapies. Two studies have demonstrated that these treatments are superior to anti-resorptives in preventing fractures in patients with severe osteoporosis. Bone-forming or dual-action treatments should be followed by anti-resorptive treatment to maintain the fracture risk reduction. The BMD gains seen with bone-forming and dual-action treatments are greater in treatment-naïve patients compared to patients pretreated with anti-resorptive treatments. However, the antifracture efficacy seems to be preserved. Treatment failure will often lead to switch of treatment from orally to parentally administrated anti-resorptives treatment or from anti-resorptive to bone-forming or dual-action treatment. Osteoporosis is a chronic condition and therefore needs a long-term management plan with a personalized approach to treatment. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on The molecular pharmacology of bone and cancer-related bone diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.9/issuetoc.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Bone Density
  • Bone Density Conservation Agents* / therapeutic use
  • Diphosphonates
  • Humans
  • Osteogenesis
  • Osteoporosis* / drug therapy

Substances

  • Bone Density Conservation Agents
  • Diphosphonates