1 Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Chico, CA 95929, USA.
2 Pacific Salmon Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
3 Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
4 Department of Math and Statistics, California State University, Chico, CA 95929, USA.
5 Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Science Branch, Pacific Region, Co-operative Resource Management Institute, School of Resource Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.