Introduction: Demyelination can occur after brain radiotherapy in tissue adjacent to irradiated tumours. To date, no correlation has been found between conventional-dose radiotherapy and the development of multiple sclerosis, but radiotherapy could be a triggering factor among women with known multiple sclerosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first well-documented case of this association with a dosimetric analysis.
Case presentation: The case we report here describes the development of multiple sclerosis in a 36-year-old woman without significant past medical history 3 months after the last session of fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for a pituitary macroadenoma. Our dosimetric analysis suggests that all the multiple sclerosis lesions occurred in the brain regions irradiated with a mean biologically effective dose (BED2) of 33.9 Gy (27.3-49.6 Gy).
Conclusion: Consequently special caution towards radiotherapy is required among patients with demyelinating illnesses or for 35-45-year-old women who are at risk. In addition, multiple sclerosis lesions can look like metastases. We should therefore keep differential diagnoses in mind in order not to make mistakes that would delay treatment.
Keywords: BED, biologically effective dose; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; CT, computed tomography; CTV, clinical target volume; Differential diagnosis; Dosimetric analysis; GTV, gross tumor volume; Gy, gray; IMRT, intensity modulated radiotherapy; LS, Lhermitte’s syndrome; MRI, magnetic resonance imagery; Multiple sclerosis; PTV, planning target volume; Radiotherapy; VMAT, volumetric modulated arctherapy.
© 2020 The Author(s).