Erdite is a rare sulphide mineral found in mafic and alkaline rocks. Only weakly crystallised fibrous erdite has been artificially synthesised via evaporation or the hydrothermal method, and the process generally requires 1-3 days and large amounts of energy to complete. In this study, well-crystallised erdite nanorods were produced within 3 h by using MnO2 as an auxiliary reagent in a one-step hydrothermal method. Results showed that erdite could synthesised in nanorod form with a diameter of approximately 200 nm and lengths of 0.5-3 μm by adding MnO2; moreover, the crystals grew with increasing MnO2 addition. Without MnO2, erdite particles were generated in irregular form. The capacity of the erdite nanorods for tetracycline (TC) adsorption was 2613.3 mg/g, which is higher than those of irregular erdite and other reported adsorbents. The major adsorption mechanism of the crystals involves a coordinating reaction between the -NH2 group of TC and the hydroxyl group of Fe oxyhydroxide produced from erdite hydrolysis. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to synthesise erdite nanorods and use them in TC adsorption. Erdite nanorods may be developed as a new material in the treatment of TC-containing wastewater.