1 Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY.
2 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY.
3 Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY. Electronic address: gf2375@cumc.columbia.edu.
Profile (A) and inflow surface (B) of an explanted TAVR bioprosthesis with structural degeneration and endocarditis (reprinted with permission from Seeburger and colleagues).