A patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 infection developed chronic iridocyclitis and anterior vitritis that were poorly responsive to topical and systemic corticosteroid therapy. Anterior chamber paracentesis was performed and HIV was isolated from culture of aqueous humor. Subsequent treatment with oral zidovudine resulted in resolution of the iridocyclitis and vitritis and full functional recovery of the eye. This case suggests that HIV may be a cause of uveitis responsive to systemic zidovudine therapy.