Micronutrient intake in children with cystic fibrosis in Sydney, Australia

Adrienne Tham; Tamarah E Katz; Rosie E Sutherland; Millie Garg; Victoria Liu; Chai Wei Tong; Rebecca Brunner; Justine Quintano; Clare Collins; Chee Y Ooi

doi:10.1016/j.jcf.2019.08.028

Micronutrient intake in children with cystic fibrosis in Sydney, Australia

J Cyst Fibros. 2020 Jan;19(1):146-152. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.08.028. Epub 2019 Sep 14.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
² Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, High Street, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia. Electronic address: tamarah.katz@health.nsw.gov.au.
³ Paediatrics, School of Women's and Children's Health, Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
⁴ University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
⁵ School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
⁶ Paediatrics, School of Women's and Children's Health, Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; miCF Research Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, High Street, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children's Hospital, High Street, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia.

PMID: 31530443
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.08.028

Abstract

Background: Children with CF have been reported to consume significantly more energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods than controls where there are now concerns of inadequate micronutrient intake. There are no current or comprehensive dietary studies assessing micronutrient intake in CF children.

Objectives: To evaluate micronutrient intake in children with CF compared to recommended dietary intakes (RDIs).

Methods: Dietary intake of 13 micronutrients was measured in CF children aged 2-18 years and age- and sex-matched controls using a validated food frequency questionnaire (The Australian Child and Adolescent Eating Survey).

Results: CF children (n = 82) consumed significantly more energy than controls (n = 82) [3142(2531-3822) kcal vs 2216(1660-2941) kcal; p < .001]. Absolute intake in CF children was significantly higher in all micronutrients except vitamin C and folate, however energy-adjusted intake was significantly lower for all micronutrients except vitamin A, sodium, calcium and phosphorous. Energy-adjusted intake in primary school CF children was significantly less than controls in 8/13 micronutrients. Overall, median intakes exceeded the RDIs for all micronutrients however CF children fell short of the RDIs for folate (26.8%), iron (15.9%) and calcium (9.8%). In pre-school, 50% of CF children and 91.7% of controls did not meet the iron RDI. High school CF and control children failed to meet RDIs for 7/13 and 9/13 micronutrients respectively.

Conclusion: Increased intake of most micronutrients in CF children was largely attributed to higher energy consumption. However, micronutrient density of the diet declined with increasing age, where high school children failed to meet RDIs for most key micronutrients.

Keywords: CF; Diet quality; Dietary intake; Micronutrient; Nutrition.

MeSH terms

Adolescent
Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Anthropometry / methods
Australia / epidemiology
Child
Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Cross-Sectional Studies
Cystic Fibrosis* / diagnosis
Cystic Fibrosis* / epidemiology
Cystic Fibrosis* / metabolism
Cystic Fibrosis* / physiopathology
Eating / physiology*
Energy Intake / physiology*
Female
Humans
Male
Micronutrients* / classification
Micronutrients* / deficiency
Nutritional Status
Recommended Dietary Allowances*
Surveys and Questionnaires
Vitamins / classification*

Substances

Micronutrients
Vitamins