Uterine sarcomas (US) are rare mesenchymal tumours accounting approximately for 3%-7% of all uterine cancers. Histologically, US are classified into mesenchymal tumours or mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tumours. The group of mesenchymal tumours includes uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS, 65% of cases), endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS, 21%) - traditionally divided into low grade (LG-ESS) and high grade-undifferentiated uterine sarcoma (5%) and other rare subtypes such as alveolar or embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Despite the fact that several drugs demonstrated clinical activity in advanced or metastatic settings, the role of postoperative therapy in US remains controversial. In this review, we have summarised the current state of the art, including the chief trials on adjuvant treatment modalities in US, especially focusing on uLMS, LG-ESS and other rare histotypes.
Keywords: Adenosarcoma; Adjuvant therapy; Chemotherapy; Endometrial stromal sarcoma; Radiotherapy; Uterine leiomyosarcoma; Uterine sarcoma.