Divergent lncRNA MYMLR regulates MYC by eliciting DNA looping and promoter-enhancer interaction

EMBO J. 2019 Sep 2;38(17):e98441. doi: 10.15252/embj.201798441. Epub 2019 Jul 30.

Abstract

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) function in a wide range of processes by diverse mechanisms, though their roles in regulation of oncogenes and/or tumor suppressors remain rather elusive. We performed a global search for lncRNAs affecting MYC activity using a systems biology-based approach with a K supercomputer and the GIMLET algorism based on local distance correlations. Consequently, MYMLR was identified and experimentally shown to maintain MYC transcriptional activity and cell cycle progression despite the low levels of expression. A proteomic search for MYMLR-binding proteins identified PCBP2, while it was also found that MYMLR places a 557-kb upstream enhancer region in the proximity of the MYC promoter in cooperation with PCBP2. These findings implicate a crucial role for MYMLR in regulation of the archetypical oncogene MYC and warrant future studies regarding the involvement of low copy number lncRNAs in regulation of other crucial oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.

Keywords: MYC; enhancer; lncRNA; lung cancer; systems biology.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • A549 Cells
  • Animals
  • Cell Cycle
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Proliferation
  • Down-Regulation
  • Enhancer Elements, Genetic
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
  • Humans
  • Lung Neoplasms / genetics*
  • Lung Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Mice
  • Neoplasm Transplantation
  • Proteomics
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / genetics*
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / metabolism*
  • RNA, Long Noncoding / genetics*
  • RNA-Binding Proteins / genetics*
  • RNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism
  • Systems Biology

Substances

  • MYC protein, human
  • PCBP2 protein, human
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc
  • RNA, Long Noncoding
  • RNA-Binding Proteins
  • long noncoding RNA CASC11, human

Associated data

  • GEO/GSE103085
  • GENBANK/MH782193