Patients' experiences and social support needs following the diagnosis and initial treatment of acute leukemia - A qualitative study

Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2019 Aug:41:49-55. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2019.05.005. Epub 2019 May 31.

Abstract

Purpose: This study explores how newly diagnosed patients with acute leukemia (AL) experience the diagnosis and the initial treatment, and their need and preferences for social support.

Methods: Explorative semi-structured individual interviews were carried out in patients with AL (n = 18) four to sixteen weeks post diagnosis. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative interview data.

Results: Identified themes were 1) Jolted by the diagnosis, and subtheme Loss of personal autonomy; 2) Restoring normality in everyday life, and subtheme Facing a new social identity; and 3) A lifeline of hope. Being newly diagnosed with AL was experienced as traumatic, which negatively affected personal autonomy and everyday life. There was a pressing need to restore a sense of normality in everyday life while managing a new social identity as a cancer patient. Social support from family, friends and other patients were invaluable and experienced as an important lifeline.

Conclusion: Receiving a life threatening diagnose and undergoing chemotherapeutic treatment had a negative impact on everyday life which required re-establishing daily life activities. This increased the need for social support which had a distinct role in facilitating the patients' coping strategy.

Clinical implications: It is important to support and strengthen the patient's social network from the time of diagnosis. Future studies should examine the feasibility and benefit of experienced-based social support from peers (former patients) to patients with AL.

Keywords: Acute leukemia; Acute lymphatic leukemia; Acute myeloid leukemia; Autonomy; Peer support; Qualitative interviews; Social support.

MeSH terms

  • Acute Disease / psychology*
  • Adaptation, Psychological*
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Leukemia / diagnosis*
  • Leukemia / psychology*
  • Leukemia / therapy*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Needs Assessment*
  • Patients / psychology*
  • Qualitative Research
  • Social Support*
  • Young Adult