Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus: advances in diagnosis and vaccine development

Chean Yeah Yong; Hui Kian Ong; Hooi Chia Tang; Swee Keong Yeap; Abdul Rahman Omar; Kok Lian Ho; Wen Siang Tan

doi:10.7717/peerj.7151

Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus: advances in diagnosis and vaccine development

PeerJ. 2019 Jul 16:7:e7151. doi: 10.7717/peerj.7151. eCollection 2019.

Authors

Chean Yeah Yong^{1

2}, Hui Kian Ong³, Hooi Chia Tang², Swee Keong Yeap⁴, Abdul Rahman Omar², Kok Lian Ho³, Wen Siang Tan^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
² Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
³ Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
⁴ China ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Abstract

The aquaculture of salmonid fishes is a multi-billion dollar industry with production over 3 million tons annually. However, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), which infects and kills salmon and trout, significantly reduces the revenue of the salmon farming industry. Currently, there is no effective treatment for IHNV infected fishes; therefore, early detection and depopulation of the infected fishes remain the most common practices to contain the spread of IHNV. Apart from hygiene practices in aquaculture and isolation of infected fishes, loss of fishes due to IHNV infection can also be significantly reduced through vaccination programs. In the current review, some of the diagnostic methods for IHNV, spanning from clinical diagnosis to cell culture, serological and molecular methods are discussed in detail. In addition, some of the most significant candidate vaccines for IHNV are also extensively discussed, particularly the DNA vaccines.

Keywords: DNA vaccine; Diagnosis; Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus; Rhabdovirus; Vaccine.

Grants and funding

This study was supported by a Universiti Putra Malaysia Grant (No: GP-IPS/2016/9511000). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.