Ubiquitin ligase TRIM65 promotes colorectal cancer metastasis by targeting ARHGAP35 for protein degradation

Oncogene. 2019 Sep;38(37):6429-6444. doi: 10.1038/s41388-019-0891-6. Epub 2019 Jul 22.

Abstract

Tripartite motif-containing protein 65 (TRIM65) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase and a critical regulator of a variety of cellular processes as well as tumor progression. Therefore, more substrates must be identified in the physiology or disease context. Here, we found that TRIM65 is upregulated and associated with poor survival in colorectal cancer (CRC). More specifically, high expression of TRIM65 is associated with CRC metastasis and recurrence. Ectopic overexpression of TRIM65 in CRC cell lines enhanced proliferation, invasion, and migration, while knockdown of TRIM65 expression had the opposite effects. Furthermore, we identified a new substrate of TRIM65, namely ARHGAP35, a Rho GTPase-activating protein (GAP) that is involved in polarized cell migration. Phenotypically, forced expression of TRIM65 induces increased production of migration-related structures, focal adhesions, and/or filopodia and enhances CRC metastasis to the liver or the lung in a mouse model. Mechanistic studies revealed that TRIM65 mediates ubiquitination of ARHGAP35, whose degradation leads to elevated Rho GTPase activity. In addition, we identified several phosphorylation sites on TRIM65. In sum, we reveal a novel TRIM65-GAP-Rho regulatory axis that modulates the actin cytoskeleton and the migration behavior of CRC cells, and the TRIM65-ARHGAP35 interaction might be a valuable therapeutic target in CRC.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adenocarcinoma / genetics
  • Adenocarcinoma / metabolism
  • Adenocarcinoma / pathology*
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Animals
  • Caco-2 Cells
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / genetics
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Female
  • Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors / metabolism*
  • HCT116 Cells
  • HEK293 Cells
  • HT29 Cells
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Mice, Nude
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasm Metastasis
  • Proteolysis*
  • Repressor Proteins / metabolism*
  • Tripartite Motif Proteins / genetics
  • Tripartite Motif Proteins / physiology*
  • Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / genetics
  • Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / physiology*
  • Ubiquitination / genetics

Substances

  • ARHGAP35 protein, human
  • Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors
  • Repressor Proteins
  • Tripartite Motif Proteins
  • Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
  • TRIM65 protein, human