Effect of intra-op morphine on children with OSA undergoing tonsillectomy

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2019 Oct:125:141-146. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.07.003. Epub 2019 Jul 9.

Abstract

Objectives: 1. To compare outcomes after tonsillectomy for pediatric patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) given morphine intra-operatively and post operatively compared to those who were not - specifically Recovery Room (RR) time, length of stay (LOS), Emergency Department (ER) visits.

Study design: Retrospective case series with chart review.

Setting: Tertiary care children's hospital.

Subjects and methods: All children between 1 and 17 years old who had undergone tonsillectomy in a single institution from 2013 to 2016. Comparison between children who had received morphine intra-operatively was made for outcomes.

Results: 556 patients were included, 73 patients had morphine intraoperatively and 483 did not; these latter children were older (8.8 vs 6.5 years, P < 0.001), and had fewer episodes of obstructive apnea and hypopnea (AHI 4.47 vs 10.15, p = 0.003) than children who did not receive intra-op morphine. There were no differences in co-morbidities including asthma, whether they had a sleep study, time in the operating room, emergence time, RR time, airway complications, IMC/PICU admission for respiratory distress, ER visits, readmissions, bleeding or post-discharge nurse phone calls. There was a longer LOS (25.9 vs 21.4 h, P = 0.011) for the group receiving intra-op morphine.

Conclusion: Children with OSA who receive intra-op morphine have a longer LOS suggesting that its use should be examined more closely in this population.

Keywords: Morphine; Obstructive sleep apnea; Opioid medications; Pediatric; Surgical complications; Tonsillectomy.

MeSH terms

  • Adenoidectomy / adverse effects*
  • Adolescent
  • Analgesics, Opioid / administration & dosage*
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Drug Administration Schedule
  • Female
  • Hospitalization
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Length of Stay
  • Male
  • Morphine / administration & dosage*
  • Pain, Postoperative / drug therapy*
  • Pain, Postoperative / etiology
  • Polysomnography
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / surgery*
  • Tonsillectomy / adverse effects*
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Analgesics, Opioid
  • Morphine