Clinical Outcomes of Isolated Regional Lymph Node Recurrence in Patients With Malignant Cutaneous Melanoma

Abstract

Background/aim: Regional lymph node recurrence (RLNR) is the most common pattern of recurrence within 2 years from the diagnosis of patients with non-metastatic malignant cutaneous melanoma. However, isolated RLNR without distant metastasis has been rarely studied.

Patients and methods: Forty patients with isolated RLNR as a first recurrence were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical outcomes and prognostic impact of clinicopathologic parameters were analyzed. Immunostaining for FOXP3, VEGF, pAKT, and pS6 was also performed.

Results: The median disease-free interval from first diagnosis to isolated RLNR and post-recurrence recurrence-free survival (pRFS) were 12 months and 7.2 months, respectively. Distant failure was the most common pattern of failure after isolated RLNR (67.5%). The number of initially harvested lymph nodes (LN) >7 and LN ratio >22.2% at the time of recurrence were prognosticators for pRFS in multivariate analysis. None of the tested biomarkers were significantly related to prognosis. The 5-year post-recurrence overall survival rate was 84.9%.

Conclusion: Most patients with isolated RLNR will experience a second failure within months, especially distantly. The number of initially harvested LNs and LN ratio at the time of recurrence could predict pRFS.

Keywords: Melanoma; lymph node; lymph node ratio; recurrence.