Spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) culture and transplantation pave the way for clinical restoration of fertility in male prepubertal cancer survivors. In this chapter we detail the steps for isolating and freezing testicular tissue along with protocols for the subsequent recovery from cryopreservation and transplantation of cells into a recipient testis. Transplantation of cultured or thawed SSCs provides not only a functional assay for identification of stem cells, a critical tool for the study of the germline stem cell niche in model organisms, but also a framework for reconstitution of spermatogenesis in humans. As proof of concept, the outlined methods have been performed successfully in the murine model and have the potential to be translated to clinical environments.
Keywords: Cryopreservation; Germ cell; Infertility; Microinjection; Prepubertal cancer; Spermatogenic colony; Spermatogonial stem cells; Testicular biopsy; Transplantation.