Functional Connectivity Between Extrastriate Body Area and Default Mode Network Predicts Depersonalization Symptoms in Major Depression: Findings From an A Priori Specified Multinetwork Comparison

Elisabeth R Paul; Madison Farmer; Robin Kämpe; Henk R Cremers; J Paul Hamilton

doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.03.007

Functional Connectivity Between Extrastriate Body Area and Default Mode Network Predicts Depersonalization Symptoms in Major Depression: Findings From an A Priori Specified Multinetwork Comparison

Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2019 Jul;4(7):627-635. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.03.007. Epub 2019 Mar 29.

Authors

Elisabeth R Paul¹, Madison Farmer², Robin Kämpe¹, Henk R Cremers³, J Paul Hamilton⁴

Affiliations

¹ Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
² Department of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Roosevelt University, Chicago, Illinois.
³ Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁴ Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. Electronic address: paul.hamilton@liu.se.

PMID: 31103548
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.03.007

Abstract

Background: Depersonalization/derealization disorder is a dissociative disorder characterized by feelings of unreality and detachment from the self and surroundings. Depersonalization/derealization disorder is classified as a primary disorder, but depersonalization symptoms are frequently observed in mood and anxiety disorders. In the context of major depressive disorder (MDD), depersonalization symptoms are associated with greater depressive severity as indexed by treatment resistance, inpatient visits, and duration of depressive episodes. In the current investigation, we tested four network-based, neural-functional hypotheses of depersonalization in MDD. These hypotheses were framed in terms of functional relationships between 1) extrastriate body area and default mode network (DMN); 2) hippocampus and DMN; 3) medial prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum; and 4) posterior and anterior insular cortex.

Methods: We conducted functional magnetic resonance imaging during resting state on 28 female patients with MDD and 27 control subjects with no history of a psychiatric disorder. Functional connectivity between seed and target regions as specified by our network-level hypotheses was computed and correlated with scores on the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale. We used a conservative, unbiased bootstrapping procedure to test the significance of neural-behavioral correlations observed under each of the four models tested.

Results: Of the four neural-functional models of depersonalization symptoms tested, only the model proposing that reduced connectivity between the extrastriate body area and DMN predicts higher levels of depersonalization symptoms in MDD was confirmed.

Conclusions: Our results indicate that depersonalization/derealization disorder symptoms in patients with depression are related to reduced functional connectivity between brain regions that are proposed to support processing of body-related (extrastriate body area) and autobiographical (DMN) information.

Keywords: Default mode network; Depersonalization/derealization disorder; Extrastriate body area; Functional connectivity; Major depressive disorder.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Adult
Brain / physiopathology*
Brain Mapping
Cerebral Cortex / physiopathology
Corpus Striatum / physiopathology
Depressive Disorder, Major / complications
Depressive Disorder, Major / physiopathology*
Dissociative Disorders / complications
Dissociative Disorders / physiopathology*
Female
Humans
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Middle Aged
Neural Pathways / physiopathology
Prefrontal Cortex / physiopathology
Sense of Coherence