Objective: To describe the current situation of spermarche/menarche of 13 ethnic minority groups in China in 2014, and analyze the association between spermarche/menarche and nutritional status among ethnic minority groups. Methods: The sample of 13 ethnic minorities (Bai, Hani, Dai, Lisu, Wa, Naxi, Miao, Shui, Buyi, Dong, Zhuang, Yao and Qiang) from Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan province and Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region were selected from Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Healthy of 2014. A total of 25 964 students with completed records of height, weight, spermarche and menarche were selected, including 11 276 boys aged 11-18 years old and 14 688 girls aged 9-18 years old. Probit analysis was used to calculate the median age at spermarche or menarche. All subjects were classification into four nutritional status groups (normal, malnutrition, overweight and obesity) according to the Screening standard for malnutrition of school-age children and adolescents (WS/T 456-2014) and the Screening for overweight and obesity among school-age children and adolescent (WS/T 586-2018) of China. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the association between spermarche, menarche and nutritional status. Results: The median age at spermarche (95%CI) of 13 ethnic minorities were ranged from 13.4 (13.1, 13.7) years old to 15.3 (15.1, 15.5) years old. In the 11 -year age group, all ethnic girls experienced menarche. The median age at menarche (95%CI) of 13 ethnic minorities were ranged from 12.1 (11.4, 12.7) years old to13.6 (13.4, 13.7) years old. Logistics regression analysis showed that students with malnutrition experienced spermarche or menarche later than normal weight students, the OR (95%CI) for boys about 0.49 (0.42, 0.56) and girls about 0.15 (0.12, 0.19), while overweight and obese students entered puberty at earlier age, the OR (95%CI) for boys about 1.37(1.10, 1.72) and girls about 3.21(2.51, 4.12). Conclusion: Boys from 13 ethnic minorities began to have spermatorrhea at the age of 13, and girls from 13 ethnic minorities began menstruating at the age of 9 in 2014. Nutrition status was closely related to spermarche and menarche.
目的： 分析2014年中国13个少数民族学生首次遗精、月经初潮现况及其与营养状况的关联。 方法： 采用2014年中国学生体质与健康调研数据，以云南、贵州、四川和广西的13个少数民族（白族、哈尼族、傣族、傈僳族、佤族、纳西族、苗族、水族、布依族、侗族、壮族、瑶族、羌族）学生为研究对象，共选取身高、体重、男生首次遗精、女生月经初潮记录资料完整的11~18岁男生11 276名和9~18岁女生14 688名。用概率单位回归法计算各少数民族学生首次遗精、月经初潮中位数年龄；根据《学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查》（WS/T 456-2014）和《学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查》（WS/T 586-2018）标准，将营养状况分为营养不良组、正常组、超重和肥胖组，采用二分类多因素logistics回归模型分析各少数民族首次遗精、月经初潮与营养状况的关联。 结果： 13个少数民族男生在13岁时均已开始出现遗精，首次遗精中位数年龄（95%CI）为13.4（13.1，13.7）~15.3（15.1，15.5）岁。13个少数民族女生在11岁时均已出现月经，月经初潮中位数年龄（95%CI）为12.1（11.4，12.7）~13.6（13.4，13.7）岁。多因素logistics回归模型结果显示，与营养正常组相比，营养不良组男生出现首次遗精、女生出现月经初潮OR（95%CI）值分别为0.49（0.42，0.56）、0.15（0.12，0.19），超重和肥胖组男生出现首次遗精、女生出现月经初潮OR（95%CI）值分别为1.37（1.10，1.72）、3.21（2.51，4.12）。 结论： 2014年，13个少数民族男生在13岁均已开始出现遗精；13个民族女生在9岁均已开始出现月经。首次遗精、月经初潮年龄与营养状况存在关联。.
Keywords: Cross-sectional studies; Menarche; Minority groups; Nutrition status; Spermarche.