[Gender differences in the mortality of people with type 2 diabetes: Asturias Study 2018]

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the influence of gender on mortality according to the presence or absence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and other cardiovascular risk factors in the Asturias Study cohort.

Method: The Asturias Study (started in 1998) is an observational, prospective cohort study of a representative sample of a population of Asturias aged 30-75 years. The population was divided into groups according to the presence or absence of DM2 and according to gender to assess control of cardiovascular risk factors. In addition, aware of the vital status of the cohort 18 years after the beginning of the study, we analyzed differences in causes of mortality according to the previous categories.

Results: In 1998, 1034 people started the study, 561 women (54.25%) and 473 men (45.75%). Of these, 131 (12.66%) had diabetes (75 men and 56 women). The women with T2D presented a hazard ratio (HR) for total mortality of 1.64 (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: .97-2.77), which was 1.63 (95%CI: 1.07-2.50) for the men and, for cardiovascular mortality, 3.06 (95%CI: 1.44-6.47) for the females, versus 1.49 (95%CI: 0.64-3.46) for the males. The mortality rate for people with T2D of both sexes was higher than for people without T2D.

Conclusions: Women with T2D have a risk more than three times higher than women without diabetes of dying from cardiovascular causes. We should implement treatment strategies in women with this condition.

Keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Diabetes tipo 2; Diferencias de sexo; Enfermedad cardiovascular; Epidemiology; Epidemiología; Gender differences; Type 2 diabetes.