The Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University in New York, Rwanda Military Hospital and the University of Rwanda have established a research partnership, which has received funding from the US National Institutes of Health for investigation of HPV carcinogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. This includes two major studies, on cervical cancer screening and on HPV in men who have sex with men. The partnership aims to build research and laboratory capacity within Rwanda, including establishing a centre of excellence in HPV-related research. It has already led to development of further south-to-south collaborations. This paper presents preliminary results from a cervical cancer screening study of women living with HIV in Rwanda.