Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), a double-stranded DNA virus, infects epithelial surfaces and establishes latency in the central nervous system, where astrocytes are a major immune cell type. Here, we report changes that occur in the expression of pathogen recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors, DNA and RNA sensors, interferons, and interferon-stimulated genes, when astrocytes are infected with HSV-1 strain F. We observed upregulation of Toll-like receptors 2, 6 and 9, MDA5, and DAI along with an increase in the expression of type I interferons and interferon-stimulated genes such as IFIT1, IFIT3 and RNase L. These genes encode proteins that mediate the antiviral immune response.
MeSH terms
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Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
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Animals
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Astrocytes / immunology*
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Astrocytes / virology*
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Carrier Proteins / metabolism
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Chlorocebus aethiops
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Endoribonucleases / metabolism
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Herpesvirus 1, Human / immunology*
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Immunity, Innate / immunology*
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Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1 / biosynthesis
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Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
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Mice
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Proteins / metabolism
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RNA-Binding Proteins
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Toll-Like Receptor 2 / biosynthesis
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Toll-Like Receptor 6 / biosynthesis
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Toll-Like Receptor 9 / biosynthesis
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Up-Regulation / genetics
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Vero Cells
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Virus Replication
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eIF-2 Kinase / biosynthesis
Substances
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Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
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Carrier Proteins
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Ifit1 protein, mouse
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Ifit3 protein, mouse
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Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
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Proteins
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RNA-Binding Proteins
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Toll-Like Receptor 2
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Toll-Like Receptor 6
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Toll-Like Receptor 9
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eIF-2 Kinase
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Endoribonucleases
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2-5A-dependent ribonuclease
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Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1