BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the presence of HPV DNA in cervical tissues and lymph nodes in patients who have uterine cervical neoplasms with lymphatic metastases and who underwent surgery for invasive cervical cancer and pelvic lymphadenectomy, to establish the utility of HPV type and viral load in predicting disease progression. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively assessed 88 patients with uterine cervical neoplasms with lymph node metastases. All 88 patients were in FIGO stage IA-IIB. A total of 316 paraffin-embedded archival tissues (88 cervical samples and 228 pelvic lymph node specimens) were acquired. All the samples were analyzed using real-time PCR to determine HPV DNA presence/type and to quantify viral load. RESULTS In total, 17 HPV genotypes were detected in the cervical lesions and pelvic lymph nodes of the patients. The most common HPV type in all samples was HPV16, followed by HPV18. The existence of HPV16 DNA and low HPV16 viral load in cervical lesions were also significantly associated with disease recurrence. Furthermore, lymphovascular space involvement was also correlated with worse disease outcome. CONCLUSIONS HPV16 DNA presence and low viral load in primary lesions can be used to predict disease recurrence. HPV DNA is a favorable prognostic indicator in patients with uterine cervical neoplasms who have lymphatic metastases.