The Implementation of Mental Health Policies and Practices in Schools: An Examination of School and State Factors

J Sch Health. 2019 Apr;89(4):328-338. doi: 10.1111/josh.12738. Epub 2019 Feb 11.

Abstract

Background: Poor mental health outcomes persist among adolescent youth. Secondary schools play a critical role in fostering positive mental health by implementing policies and practices grounded in evidence. The factors associated with implementation, however, are unclear. This study examines which school- and state-level factors are associated with improved implementation of mental health policies and practices at secondary schools across the United States.

Methods: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data stemming from 3 datasets (School Health Policies and Practices, School Health Profiles, and Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System) surveys were integrated and analyzed.

Results: Health educator certification, school use of data during school improvement planning, presence of a health/safety coordinator, presence of a health council and state-provided health educator professional development in mental health and suicide prevention were each significantly positively associated with schools' implementation of mental health policies and practices.

Conclusions: To promote improved implementation of mental health policies and practices in schools and provide better support for youth mental health outcomes, the use of certified health educators and health-related supports should be considered. State health and education agencies should undertake evaluations of its mental health practices to ensure the assistance they offer to schools is evidence based.

Keywords: adolescent health; mental health; school policy; youth risk behavior surveillance system.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Female
  • Health Policy*
  • Health Promotion / methods
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Mental Health
  • Mental Health Services*
  • Multilevel Analysis
  • Professional Competence
  • School Health Services*
  • Schools
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • United States