Extracranial-intracranial bypass approach to cerebral revascularization: a historical perspective

Neurosurg Focus. 2019 Feb 1;46(2):E2. doi: 10.3171/2018.11.FOCUS18527.

Abstract

While the majority of cerebral revascularization advancements were made in the last century, it is worth noting the humble beginnings of vascular surgery throughout history to appreciate its progression and application to neurovascular pathology in the modern era. Nearly 5000 years of basic human inquiry into the vasculature and its role in neurological disease has resulted in the complex neurosurgical procedures used today to save and improve lives. This paper explores the story of the extracranial-intracranial approach to cerebral revascularization.

Keywords: CCA = common carotid artery; COSS = Carotid Occlusion Surgery Study; EC-IC = extracranial-intracranial; ELANA = excimer laser-assisted nonocclusive anastomosis; ICA = internal carotid artery; JAM = Japan Adult Moyamoya; MCA = middle cerebral artery; PICA = posterior inferior cerebellar artery; STA = superficial temporal artery; SV = saphenous vein; bypass surgery; cerebral revascularization; dissection; extracranial-intracranial; microsurgery; moyamoya; neurosurgical history; rCBF = regional cerebral blood flow.

Publication types

  • Historical Article
  • Portrait

MeSH terms

  • Cerebral Revascularization / history*
  • Circle of Willis / anatomy & histology
  • Circle of Willis / surgery
  • History, 19th Century
  • History, 20th Century
  • History, 21st Century
  • History, Ancient
  • History, Medieval
  • Humans
  • Nervous System Diseases / history*
  • Nervous System Diseases / surgery
  • Neurosurgical Procedures / history*