Objective: To investigate the use of antibiotics in children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in multiple regions of China, and to provide a reference for CAP standard treatment and rational antibiotic use in children.
Methods: The medical data of 1 383 children with CAP who were hospitalized in the department of pediatrics in 10 grade A tertiary hospitals from 9 cities between April 14, 2014 and January 1, 2016 were reviewed, to analyze the status of antibiotic use in hospitalized children in North China, Northeast China, East China, and South China.
Results: The overall rate of antibiotic use in children with CAP was 89.08%, with 88.7% in North China, 95.5% in Northeast China, 83.3% in East China, and 86.6% in South China. The main types of antibiotics used were cephalosporins, macrolides, compound preparations of β-lactam antibiotics, polyphosphoric broad-spectrum antibiotics and other β-lactam antibiotics. The selection of antibiotics was generally rational, but antibiotics were still used in some patients with viral infection alone or a combined use of ≥2 kinds of antibiotics were noted in some patients with infection caused by one kind of pathogen. Irrational antibiotic use was observed in 131 children (10.63%).
Conclusions: There are high rates of antibiotic use and irrational use of antibiotics among children with CAP. Standard management of antibiotic use in children with CAP should be strengthened.
目的: 统计全国多地区儿童社区获得性肺炎（CAP）抗菌药物的使用情况，为进一步加强儿童CAP的规范治疗及抗菌药物合理使用提供参考依据。
方法: 统计2014年4月14日至2016年1月1日全国9个城市10家三甲医院儿科住院的1 383例CAP患儿的抗菌药物使用情况，分析华北、东北、华东、华南4个区域住院患儿的抗菌药物使用情况。
结果: CAP患儿抗菌药物总使用率为89.08%，其中华北88.7%，东北95.5%，华东83.3%，华南86.6%。使用种类主要为头孢类、大环内酯类、β内酰胺类抗菌药物的复方制剂、多磷类广谱抗菌药物、其他β内酰胺类抗菌药物。抗菌药物的选用基本合理，但仍存在单纯病毒感染时使用抗菌药物、单纯感染时联用抗菌药物等现象；抗菌药物的不合理应用例数共有131例，不合理使用率为10.63%。
结论: 儿童CAP抗菌药物使用率、不合理用药率偏高，应加强对儿童CAP抗菌药物使用的规范化管理。