Efficacy and safety of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in patients with acute heart failure

Emergencias. 2018;30(6):395-399.
[Article in English, Spanish]

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy in patients in acute respiratory failure due to acute heart failure (AHF) refractory to conventional oxygen therapy or noninvasive ventilation.

Methods: Prospective observational study of patients with AHF and respiratory failure attended in an emergency department whose condition worsened after they were admitted to a short-stay unit, leading to use of HFNCs. Efficacy was assessed using a modified Borg dyspnea scale and oxygenation variables on discharge from the emergency department. Data were recorded after 24 hours on conventional oxygen therapy and after 60 and 120 minutes and 24 hours of HFNC therapy. Safety outcomes were the degree of patient comfort and the frequency of adverse events.

Results: Prospective observational study of patients with AHF and respiratory failure attended in an emergency department whose condition worsened after they were admitted to a short-stay unit, leading to use of HFNCs. Efficacy was assessed using a modified Borg dyspnea scale and oxygenation variables on discharge from the emergency department. Data were recorded after 24 hours on conventional oxygen therapy and after 60 and 120 minutes and 24 hours of HFNC therapy. Safety outcomes were the degree of patient comfort and the frequency of adverse events.

Conclusion: HFNC oxygen therapy offers a treatment alternative for patients with acute respiratory failure due to AHF.

Objetivos: Valorar la eficacia y seguridad de la terapia de alto flujo con cánulas nasales (TAFCN) en pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria aguda (IRA) secundaria a insuficiencia cardiaca aguda (ICA) y refractaria al tratamiento con oxigenoterapia convencional o ventilación no invasiva.

Metodos: Estudio observacional prospectivo de pacientes con ICA e IRA atendidos en un servicio de urgencias, con ingreso posterior en una unidad de corta estancia, que, tras 24 horas presentaron empeoramiento y a los que se administró TAFCN. Para evaluar la eficacia se utilizó la escala de disnea modificada de Borg y la oxigenación al alta de urgencias, a las 24 h de tratamiento con oxigenación convencional y a los 60, 120 minutos y 24 h de iniciada la TAFCN. Para evaluar la seguridad se midió grado de confort y eventos adversos producidos.

Resultados: Se recogieron 44 pacientes con edad media de 84 (7) años, 75 % mujeres. El uso de la TAFCN supuso una mejoría significativa en los parámetros clínicos y gasométricos (basal, 60 min, 120 min y 24 h), en la escala de disnea y confort, oximetría y cociente de oxigenación y una disminución de la frecuencia respiratoria (p < 0,05). No hubo cambios significativos en la presión arterial de dióxido de carbono. El efecto secundario más frecuente fue el calor (20,4%).

Conclusiones: La TAFCN es una alternativa para el tratamiento de los pacientes con IRA secundaria a ICA.

Keywords: Acute heart failure; Hospital emergency health services; Short-stay unit; High-flow nasal cannula; Insuficiencia cardiaca aguda; Servicio de urgencias hospitalarios; Unidad de corta estancia.

Publication types

  • Observational Study

MeSH terms

  • Administration, Inhalation
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Cannula
  • Female
  • Heart Failure / complications*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Oxygen Inhalation Therapy / instrumentation
  • Oxygen Inhalation Therapy / methods*
  • Prospective Studies
  • Respiratory Insufficiency / etiology
  • Respiratory Insufficiency / therapy*
  • Treatment Outcome