While acute myeloid leukemia (AML) could cause an invasion of the central nervous system (CNS), the invasion of the CNS in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is rare. Here, we report a case of juvenile MDS with cerebral infarction concerning the invasion of the CNS by leukemia cells. A 25-year-old male was admitted to our institution because of difficulty in extending the left arm. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed acute-stage cerebral infarction in the right parietal lobe and a diffuse edematous lesion in the surrounding site. In addition, leukemia cells were detected in the spinal fluid. Based on the bone marrow examination finding, he was diagnosed with MDS with excess blast 1. However, no clear disseminated intravascular coagulation and thrombotic diathesis were found in the blood test. If cerebral artery thrombosis occurs in MDS, the invasion of the CNS should be considered as a complication.
Keywords: Central nervous system involvement; Myelodysplastic syndrome; Thrombosis.