Objective: To investigate the association between parental feeding behaviors and body mass index (BMI) of children, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and intervention of overweight and obesity in children.
Methods: Stratified random cluster sampling was used to select 976 children from 7 kindergartens in Xinshi District of Urumqi, and a questionnaire survey and physical measurement were performed to obtain related data.
Results: A total of 976 questionnaires were distributed and 924 (94.7%) usable questionnaires were collected. The overall detection rates of underweight, overweight, and obesity in children were 3.1% (29 children), 9.2% (85 children), and 6.7% (62 children), respectively. The highest level of parental feeding behavior was monitoring, followed by restriction and pressure to eat. The parents of the Han children had significantly higher levels of restriction and pressure to eat than those of the Uygur children (P<0.01). As for parental feeding behaviors, restriction to eat was positively correlated with BMI of the Han and Uygur boys (P<0.01); pressure to eat was negatively correlated with BMI of the Han boys and girls (P<0.01) and was positively correlated with BMI of the Uygur boys and girls (P<0.01); monitoring was negatively correlated with BMI of the Han and Uygur boys and girls (P<0.05). Among the parents of the Han and Uygur boys, the parents of the overweight/obese children had significantly higher scores of restriction to eat than those of the children with normal weight (P<0.05); among the parents of the Uygur boys and girls, the parents of the overweight/obese children had significantly higher scores of pressure to eat than those of the children with normal weight (P<0.01); among the parents of the Uygur and Han boys and girls, the parents of the overweight/obese children had significantly lower scores of monitoring than those of the children with normal weight (P<0.01).
Conclusions: The parental feeding behavior is good in Urumqi, and the parental feeding behavior of the Uygur children is a little better than that of the Han children. Parental feeding behavior is closely correlated with BMI of children, and such correlation differs across ethnic groups and sexes. A high level of monitoring and low levels of restriction and pressure to eat may help to prevent and control the development of overweight and obesity in children.
目的: 探讨家长喂养行为与儿童体重指数（BMI）间的相关性，为预防和干预儿童超重、肥胖提供科学依据。
方法: 采用分层随机整群抽样的方法，抽取乌鲁木齐市新市区7所幼儿园976名儿童，通过问卷调查和体格测量获得相关数据。
结果: 共发放调查问卷976份，收回有效问卷924份（94.7%）。儿童体重不足、超重、肥胖总检出率分别为3.1%（29例）、9.2%（85例）、6.7%（62例）。家长喂养行为以监督饮食水平最高，其次为限制饮食，逼迫进食水平最低。其中汉族儿童家长采用限制饮食及逼迫进食的水平高于维吾尔族儿童家长（P < 0.01）。家长喂养行为中，限制饮食与汉族及维吾尔族男童BMI均呈正相关（P < 0.01）；逼迫进食与汉族男童及女童BMI均呈负相关（P < 0.01），与维吾尔族男童及女童BMI均呈正相关（P < 0.01）；监督饮食与维吾尔族和汉族男童及女童BMI均呈负相关（P < 0.05）。汉族及维吾尔族男童中超重/肥胖儿童其父母限制饮食得分高于正常体重儿童家长（P < 0.05）；维吾尔族男童及女童中，超重/肥胖儿童其父母逼迫进食得分高于正常体重儿童其家长（P < 0.01）；汉族、维吾尔族男童及女童中超重及肥胖儿童其父母监督饮食得分低于正常体重儿童家长（P < 0.01）。
结论: 乌鲁木齐市家长喂养行为状况总体较好，其中维吾尔族儿童家长喂养行为略优于汉族儿童家长。家长喂养行为与儿童BMI密切相关，其相关性在不同民族及性别间存在差异。高水平的监督饮食及低水平的限制饮食、逼迫进食可能有利于预防和控制儿童超重、肥胖的发生与发展。