Prospective cross-sectional study assessing prevalence and factors affecting trismus after multimodal treatment for oral cancers

Head Neck. 2019 Feb;41(2):286-290. doi: 10.1002/hed.25464. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Abstract

Background: Trismus is a common complication following treatment for oral cancers. However, its incidence in site-specific cancers is not adequately studied. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with trismus in treated patients with oral cancer.

Methods: The maximal mouth opening in treated oral cancers was measured. Logistic regression analysis was performed to find risk factors for developing trismus in the entire cohort and in a subgroup of patients with gingivobuccal complex cancers.

Results: A total of 401 patients were enrolled. The prevalence of trismus was 72.8%. On multivariate analysis, adjuvant therapy and submucous fibrosis were independent predictors. Reconstruction and method of reconstruction did not affect trismus. Bialveolar resections had significantly higher incidence of trismus.

Discussion: High prevalence of trismus was seen in patients following multimodal therapy for oral cancers. Adequate reconstruction alone may not prevent trismus and aggressive rehabilitation is key to its prevention.

Keywords: gingivobuccal cancers; oral cancer; prevalence; reconstruction; trismus.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Combined Modality Therapy
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Logistic Models
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Mouth Neoplasms / complications*
  • Mouth Neoplasms / pathology
  • Mouth Neoplasms / therapy*
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Plastic Surgery Procedures
  • Prevalence
  • Prospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Trismus / diagnosis
  • Trismus / epidemiology*