Residential Greenspace Association with Childhood Behavioral Outcomes

J Pediatr. 2019 Apr:207:233-240. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.10.061. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

Abstract

Objective: To assess the relationship between greenspace exposure and childhood internalizing and externalizing behaviors.

Study design: We analyzed data from the Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study, an ongoing prospective birth cohort. Greenspace exposure was estimated based on children's addresses using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) images. Neurobehavioral outcomes were assessed using the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Second Edition. Regression models adjusted for neighborhood deprivation, maternal education, race, and sex assessed the risk for problematic internalizing and externalizing behaviors at residential greenspace buffers of 200, 400, and 800 m.

Results: There were 562 and 313 children in our age 7- and 12-year analyses, respectively. At age 7 years, a 0.1-unit increase in NDVI was associated with decreased conduct scores (β = -1.10, 95% CI [-2.14, -0.06], 200 m). At age 12 years, a 0.1-unit increase in NDVI was associated with a decrease in anxiety scores (β = -1.83, 95% CI [-3.44, -0.22], 800 m), decreased depression scores (β = -1.36, 95% CI [-2.61, -0.12], 200 m), and decreased somatization scores (β = -1.83, 95% CI [-3.22, -0.44], 200 m).

Conclusions: This study provides evidence that increased exposure to residential greenspace is associated with reduced youth's problematic internal and external behaviors, measured by Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Second Edition, at ages 7 and 12 years. Improved understanding of this mechanism could allow for implementation of neighborhood-level approaches for reducing the risk for childhood behavioral problems.

Keywords: NDVI; child behavior; green space.

Publication types

  • Multicenter Study
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Air Pollution / adverse effects*
  • Child
  • Child Behavior Disorders / epidemiology*
  • Child Behavior Disorders / psychology
  • Child Behavior*
  • Child, Preschool
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Infant
  • Male
  • Ohio / epidemiology
  • Parks, Recreational / statistics & numerical data*
  • Prospective Studies
  • Urban Population*