The RASopathies are a group of syndromes that have in common germline mutations in genes that encode components of the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and have been a focus of study to understand the role of this pathway in development and disease. These syndromes include Noonan syndrome (NS), NS with multiple lentigines (NSML), neu-rofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), Costello syndrome (CS), cardio-facio-cutaneous (CFC) syndrome, neurofibromatosis type 1-like syndrome (NFLS) and capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation syndrome (CM-AVM). These disorders affect multiple systems, including the craniofacial complex. Although the crani-ofacial features have been well described and can aid in clinical diagnosis, the dental phenotypes have not been analysed in detail for each of the RASopathies. In this review, we summarize the clinical features of the RASopathies, highlighting the reported craniofacial and dental findings.
RAS信号通路相关综合征是由编码RAS-丝裂原激活蛋白激酶（RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase，RAS/MAPK）信号通路的基因组突变而引起的一组综合征的统称。这些综合征包括努南综合征（Noonan syndrome，NS）、NS伴多发性雀斑（NS with multiple lentigines，NSML）、1型神经纤维瘤病（neurofibromatosis type 1，NF1）、科斯特罗综合征（Csotello syndrome，CS）、心-面-皮肤综合征（cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome，CFC）、类1型神经纤维瘤病（NF1-like syndrome，NFLS）、毛细血管畸形-动静脉畸形综合征（capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation syndrome，CM-AVM）。RAS信号通路相关综合征以颅颌面畸形和全身多系统畸形、功能障碍为特征。本文总结RAS信号通路相关综合征的颅颌面、口腔病变特征，以期了解RAS信号在颅颌面发育中的作用，为临床提供参考。.
Keywords: Craniofacial development.; MAP kinase signaling system; RASopathies.