Purpose: To develop a 3D cones steady-state free precession sequence with improved robustness to respiratory motion while mitigating eddy current artifacts for free-breathing whole-heart coronary magnetic resonance angiography.
Method: The proposed sequence collects cone interleaves using a phyllotaxis pattern, which allows for more distributed k-space sampling for each heartbeat compared to a typical sequential collection pattern. A Fibonacci number of segments is chosen to minimize eddy current effects with the trade-off of an increased number of acquisition heartbeats. For verification, phyllotaxis-cones is compared to sequential-cones through simulations, phantom studies, and in vivo coronary scans with 8 subjects using 2D image-based navigators for retrospective motion correction.
Results: Simulated point spread functions and moving phantom results show less coherent motion artifacts for phyllotaxis-cones compared to sequential-cones. Assessment of the right and left coronary arteries using reader scores and the image edge profile acutance vessel sharpness metric indicate superior image quality and sharpness for phyllotaxis-cones.
Conclusion: Phyllotaxis 3D cones results in improved qualitative image scores and coronary vessel sharpness for free-breathing whole-heart coronary magnetic resonance angiography compared to standard sequential ordering when using a steady-state free precession sequence.
Keywords: 3D cones trajectory; coronary MRA; free-breathing; motion artifacts; phyllotaxis.
© 2018 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.