Subintimal guidewire entry during antegrade wiring attempts can be approached with various techniques, such as: (a) withdraw and redirect the guidewire; (b) parallel wire technique; (c) re-entry using the Stingray system or guidewires; or (d) using the retrograde approach Antegrade fenestration and re-entry is a creative novel technique for antegrade re-entry that uses balloon angioplasty at the distal cap to create fenestrations between the false lumen and the distal true lumen, followed by advancement of a soft-polymer jacketed guidewire through the fenestrations to achieve distal true lumen re-entry Antegrade fenestration and re-entry is an intuitive, simple, and low-cost technique, but balloon inflation may cause subintimal hematoma that could hinder re-entry. Additional study is needed to refine how antegrade fenestration and re-entry should optimally be performed and to better understand its strengths and shortcomings.
Keywords: CTO- Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; PCI - Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.
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