Equine MX2 is a restriction factor of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV)

Virology. 2018 Oct:523:52-63. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.07.024. Epub 2018 Aug 3.

Abstract

Human myxovirus resistance protein B (hMXB) is a restriction factor of HIV-1 that also inhibits a variety of retroviruses. However, hMXB is not antiviral against equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV). We show here that equine MX2 (eMX2) potently restricts EIAV in vitro. Additionally, eMX2 inhibits HIV-1 and other lentiviruses, including murine leukemia virus. Previously, it was reported that hMXB repression is reduced in hMXB Δ1-25, but not in GTP-binding mutant K131A and GTP-hydrolysis mutant T151A. In contrast to this phenomenon, our study indicates that eMX2 restriction is not diminished in eMX2 Δ1-25, but is in eMX2 K127A and T147A, which correspond to hMXB K131A and T151A, respectively. Thus, eMX2 may inhibit retroviral replication by a novel mechanism that differs from that of hMXB.

Keywords: EIAV; HIV-1; Interferon β; MX2; MXB; Restriction factor.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Substitution
  • Animals
  • Base Sequence
  • Binding Sites
  • Gene Expression
  • Genetic Vectors / chemistry
  • Genetic Vectors / metabolism
  • Guanosine Triphosphate / metabolism
  • HIV-1 / genetics*
  • HIV-1 / growth & development
  • HIV-1 / metabolism
  • Horses
  • Host-Pathogen Interactions*
  • Humans
  • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / genetics*
  • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / growth & development
  • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / metabolism
  • Lentivirus / genetics
  • Lentivirus / metabolism
  • Mutation
  • Myxovirus Resistance Proteins / genetics*
  • Myxovirus Resistance Proteins / metabolism
  • Protein Binding
  • Recombinant Proteins / genetics
  • Recombinant Proteins / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction

Substances

  • MX2 protein, human
  • Myxovirus Resistance Proteins
  • Recombinant Proteins
  • Guanosine Triphosphate