Remote sensing technique can be used to examine the effects of agrichemical application on the performance of field crops at a large scale in an effort to develop precision agricultural aerial spraying technology. In this study, an airplane M-18B at the 4-m flight height was used to spray a mix of agrichemicals (a fungicide and a plant growth regulator) to control rice leaf blast disease and improve the growth vigor of rice plants in the field. After the aerial spraying, satellite imagery of tested area was acquired and processed to calculate vegetation indices (VIs). Ground agrichemical concentration data were also collected. The relationships between droplets deposition and VIs were analyzed. The results indicated that the highest correlation coefficient between single phase spectral feature (NDVI) and droplets deposition points density (DDPD, points·cm-2) was 0.315 with P-value of 0.035 while the highest correlation coefficient between temporal change characteristic (MSAVI) and droplets deposition volume density (DDVD, μL·cm-2) was 0.312 with P-value of 0.038). Rice plants with the greatest growth vigor were all detected within the spraying swath, with a gradual decrease in the vigor of rice plants with the increase of droplets drift distance. There were similar trend patterns in the changes of the spraying effects based on the spatial interpolation maps of droplets deposition data and spectral characteristics. Therefore, vegetation indexes, NDVI and MSAVI calculated from satellite imagery can be used to determine the aerial spraying effects in the field on a large scale.