Cardiac-derived CTRP9 protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via calreticulin-dependent inhibition of apoptosis

Cell Death Dis. 2018 Jun 20;9(7):723. doi: 10.1038/s41419-018-0726-3.

Abstract

Cardiokines play an essential role in maintaining normal cardiac functions and responding to acute myocardial injury. Studies have demonstrated the heart itself is a significant source of C1q/TNF-related protein 9 (CTRP9). However, the biological role of cardiac-derived CTRP9 remains unclear. We hypothesize cardiac-derived CTRP9 responds to acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury as a cardiokine. We explored the role of cardiac-derived CTRP9 in MI/R injury via genetic manipulation and a CTRP9-knockout (CTRP9-KO) animal model. Inhibition of cardiac CTRP9 exacerbated, whereas its overexpression ameliorated, left ventricular dysfunction and myocardial apoptosis. Endothelial CTRP9 expression was unchanged while cardiomyocyte CTRP9 levels decreased after simulated ischemia/`reperfusion (SI/R) in vitro. Cardiomyocyte CTRP9 overexpression inhibited SI/R-induced apoptosis, an effect abrogated by CTRP9 antibody. Mechanistically, cardiac-derived CTRP9 activated anti-apoptotic signaling pathways and inhibited endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related apoptosis in MI/R injury. Notably, CTRP9 interacted with the ER molecular chaperone calreticulin (CRT) located on the cell surface and in the cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes. The CTRP9-CRT interaction activated the protein kinase A-cAMP response element binding protein (PKA-CREB) signaling pathway, blocked by functional neutralization of the autocrine CTRP9. Inhibition of either CRT or PKA blunted cardiac-derived CTRP9's anti-apoptotic actions against MI/R injury. We further confirmed these findings in CTRP9-KO rats. Together, these results demonstrate that autocrine CTRP9 of cardiomyocyte origin protects against MI/R injury via CRT association, activation of the PKA-CREB pathway, ultimately inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adiponectin / deficiency
  • Adiponectin / metabolism*
  • Animals
  • Apoptosis*
  • Autocrine Communication
  • Calreticulin / metabolism*
  • Cardiotonic Agents / metabolism*
  • Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / metabolism
  • Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / metabolism
  • Glycoproteins / deficiency
  • Glycoproteins / metabolism*
  • Heart Ventricles / pathology
  • Heart Ventricles / physiopathology
  • Male
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Models, Biological
  • Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / pathology*
  • Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / physiopathology
  • Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / prevention & control*
  • Myocardium / metabolism*
  • Myocytes, Cardiac / metabolism
  • Myocytes, Cardiac / pathology
  • Phenotype
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Substances

  • Adiponectin
  • CTRP9 protein, mouse
  • Calreticulin
  • Cardiotonic Agents
  • Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein
  • Glycoproteins
  • Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases