Chest Surgery for Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Individuals

Clin Plast Surg. 2018 Jul;45(3):369-380. doi: 10.1016/j.cps.2018.03.010.

Abstract

Chest surgery can greatly facilitate the experience of living in a gender role. For transfeminine chest surgery, most surgeons recommend a 12-month period of feminizing hormone therapy prior to breast augmentation. For those who already have some breast volume due to hormone treatment, lipofilling can be a good option. Transmasculine chest surgery includes mastectomy and creation of a male chest. Preoperative parameters to be evaluated include breast volume, degree of excess skin, nipple-areola complex size and position, and skin elasticity. The algorithm the authors developed and modified can help choose from 5 techniques, resulting in an aesthetically pleasing male chest.

Keywords: Breast augmentation; Chest surgery; Subcutaneous mastectomy; Transgender.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Mammaplasty / methods*
  • Mastectomy / methods*
  • Thoracoplasty / methods*
  • Transgender Persons*
  • Transsexualism / surgery*