Building the Case for Localized Approaches to HIV: Structural Conditions and Health System Capacity to Address the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Six US Cities

AIDS Behav. 2018 Sep;22(9):3071-3082. doi: 10.1007/s10461-018-2166-6.

Abstract

Since the discovery of the secondary preventive benefits of antiretroviral therapy, national and international governing bodies have called for countries to reach 90% diagnosis, ART engagement and viral suppression among people living with HIV/AIDS. The US HIV epidemic is dispersed primarily across large urban centers, each with different underlying epidemiological and structural features. We selected six US cities, including Atlanta, Baltimore, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, and Seattle, with the objective of demonstrating the breadth of epidemiological and structural differences affecting the HIV/AIDS response across the US. We synthesized current and publicly-available surveillance, legal statutes, entitlement and discretionary funding, and service location data for each city. The vast differences we observed in each domain reinforce disparities in access to HIV treatment and prevention, and necessitate targeted, localized strategies to optimize the limited resources available for each city's HIV/AIDS response.

Keywords: Epidemiology; HIV; Health system; Policy.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Anti-HIV Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Capacity Building / economics
  • Capacity Building / organization & administration*
  • Community Health Planning / economics
  • Community Health Planning / legislation & jurisprudence
  • Community Health Planning / organization & administration*
  • Epidemics / economics
  • Epidemics / legislation & jurisprudence
  • Epidemics / statistics & numerical data*
  • Financing, Government / economics
  • Financing, Government / legislation & jurisprudence
  • Financing, Government / organization & administration
  • Government Programs / economics
  • Government Programs / legislation & jurisprudence
  • Government Programs / organization & administration
  • HIV Infections* / epidemiology
  • HIV Infections* / prevention & control
  • Health Policy / economics
  • Health Policy / legislation & jurisprudence
  • Health Resources / economics
  • Health Resources / legislation & jurisprudence
  • Health Resources / organization & administration*
  • Healthcare Disparities / legislation & jurisprudence
  • Healthcare Disparities / organization & administration
  • Healthcare Disparities / statistics & numerical data
  • Humans
  • Population Surveillance
  • Secondary Prevention / economics
  • Secondary Prevention / legislation & jurisprudence
  • Secondary Prevention / organization & administration
  • Substance Abuse, Intravenous / economics
  • Substance Abuse, Intravenous / epidemiology
  • Substance Abuse, Intravenous / prevention & control
  • United States
  • Urban Population / statistics & numerical data*

Substances

  • Anti-HIV Agents