Hydrothermal conversion of Magnolia liliiflora into nitrogen-doped carbon dots as an effective turn-off fluorescence sensing, multi-colour cell imaging and fluorescent ink

Abstract

The present work illustrates the potential uses of nitrogen-doped multi-fluorescent carbon dots (N-CDs) for Fe³⁺ sensing, cellular multi-colour imaging, and fluorescent ink. N-CDs were synthesized using Magnolia liliiflora flower by the simple hydrothermal method. The resulted N-CDs was found to be nearly spherical in shape with the size of about 4 ± 1 nm and showed competitive quantum yield around 11%. The synthesized N-CDs with uniform size distribution and high content of nitrogen and oxygen-bearing functional groups exhibit excellent dispersibility in aqueous media. The N-CDs were able to detect a high concentration of Fe³⁺ ions (1-1000 μM) with a limit of detection is about 1.2 μM by forming N-CDs-Fe³⁺ complex due to the functional groups such as nitrogen, carbonyl and carboxyl on the surface of N-CDs. Thus they could be used to remove pollutants from industrial wastewater. The electronic charge on the surface of the N-CDs and N-CDs-Fe³⁺ complex (zeta potential) is around -36 and 18 mV, respectively. In addition, these N-CDs show excitation-dependent fluorescence that was utilized for multi-colour in vitro cellular imaging in rat liver cells (Clone 9 hepatocytes). The N-CDs are rapidly uptake in the cell cytoplasm and showed high cytocompatibility on cellular morphology. Moreover, as the N-CDs possess strong fluorescence and anti-coagulation they could be utilized in fluorescent ink pens.

Keywords: Carbon dot; Clone 9 hepatocytes; Fluorescent ink; Hydrothermal method; Magnolia liliiflora; Metal ion sensing; Multi-colour imaging.