Gallbladder carcinoma: An analysis of the national cancer data base to examine hispanic influence

J Surg Oncol. 2018 Jun;117(8):1664-1671. doi: 10.1002/jso.25050. Epub 2018 May 1.

Abstract

Background: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a lethal disease with high incidence among Hispanics. Overall survival (OS) among races/ethnicities has not been described using the most recent National Cancer Database. This study hypothesized that prognosis is worse for Hispanics compared to similar non-Hispanic populations.

Methods: Patients with GBC were identified from the National Cancer Database and categorized as White, Black, Hispanic, and Other. Descriptive statistics, OS, and Cox regression were examined.

Results: The study identified 12 952 patients. Median age was 71 years and 68.8% were female. The study characterized 69.8% White, 13.9% Black, 11.0% Hispanic, and 5.4% other patients. A 5-year OS curves differed, with survival highest in Hispanic patients (27% vs 23% Other, 18% White, and 17% Black, P < 0.001). Hispanics presented at younger ages (67 vs 72 years, P < 0.001), were more likely to be uninsured (17.3% vs 3.9% P < 0.001), had lower income (P < 0.001), and education levels (P < 0.001) compared to Whites. Following multivariable modeling, treatment at an academic facility (HR 0.90, 95%CI 0.84-0.97) and year of diagnosis (HR 0.90, 95%CI 0.88-0.92) related to survival. Hispanic ethnicity did not show significance (P = 0.207).

Discussion: Hispanic ethnicity exhibits the highest OS for GBC, but after adjusting for covariates, this influence is not significant.

Keywords: academic cancer center; gallbladder cancer; hispanic ethnicity; prognosis; survival.

MeSH terms

  • Academic Medical Centers / statistics & numerical data
  • Age Factors
  • Aged
  • Black or African American / statistics & numerical data
  • Cohort Studies
  • Databases, Factual
  • Educational Status
  • Female
  • Gallbladder Neoplasms / ethnology*
  • Gallbladder Neoplasms / mortality*
  • Gallbladder Neoplasms / therapy
  • Hispanic or Latino / statistics & numerical data*
  • Humans
  • Income
  • Male
  • Medically Uninsured / statistics & numerical data
  • Prognosis
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Sex Factors
  • Survival Rate
  • United States / epidemiology
  • White People / statistics & numerical data