Clinical Outcomes and Sustainability of Using CYP2C19 Genotype-Guided Antiplatelet Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Circ Genom Precis Med. 2018 Apr;11(4):e002069. doi: 10.1161/CIRCGEN.117.002069.

Abstract

Background: CYP2C19 loss-of-function (LOF) alleles impair clopidogrel effectiveness after percutaneous coronary intervention. The feasibility, sustainability, and clinical impact of using CYP2C19 genotype-guided dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) selection in practice remains unclear.

Methods: A single-center observational study was conducted in 1193 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and received DAPT after implementation of an algorithm that recommends CYP2C19 testing in high-risk patients and alternative DAPT (prasugrel or ticagrelor) in LOF allele carriers. The frequency of genotype testing and alternative DAPT selection were the primary implementation end points. Risk of major adverse cardiovascular or cerebrovascular and clinically significant bleeding events over 12 months were compared across genotype and DAPT groups by proportional hazards regression.

Results: CYP2C19 genotype was obtained in 868 (72.8%) patients. Alternative DAPT was prescribed in 186 (70.7%) LOF allele carriers. CYP2C19 testing (P<0.001) and alternative DAPT use in LOF allele carriers (P=0.001) varied over time. Risk for major adverse cardiovascular or cerebrovascular was significantly higher in LOF carriers prescribed clopidogrel versus alternative DAPT (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.65; 95% confidence interval, 2.22-10.0; P<0.001), whereas no significant difference was observed in those without a LOF allele (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.37; 95% confidence interval, 0.72-2.85; P=0.347). Bleeding event rates were similar across groups (log-rank P=0.816).

Conclusions: Implementing CYP2C19 genotype-guided DAPT is feasible and sustainable in a real-world setting but challenging to maintain at a consistently high level of fidelity. The higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular or cerebrovascular associated with clopidogrel use in CYP2C19 LOF allele carriers suggests that use of genotype-guided DAPT in practice may improve clinical outcomes.

Keywords: acute coronary syndrome; clopidogrel; cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; genetic testing; percutaneous coronary intervention; pharmacogenetics; precision medicine.

Publication types

  • Observational Study
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Clinical Decision-Making
  • Clopidogrel / administration & dosage*
  • Clopidogrel / adverse effects
  • Clopidogrel / metabolism
  • Coronary Disease / blood
  • Coronary Disease / diagnosis
  • Coronary Disease / surgery*
  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 / genetics*
  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 / metabolism
  • Feasibility Studies
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • North Carolina
  • Patient Selection
  • Percutaneous Coronary Intervention* / instrumentation
  • Pharmacogenomic Testing / methods*
  • Pharmacogenomic Variants*
  • Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / administration & dosage*
  • Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / adverse effects
  • Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / metabolism
  • Prasugrel Hydrochloride / administration & dosage*
  • Prasugrel Hydrochloride / adverse effects
  • Prasugrel Hydrochloride / metabolism
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Stents
  • Ticagrelor / administration & dosage*
  • Ticagrelor / adverse effects
  • Ticagrelor / metabolism
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
  • Clopidogrel
  • CYP2C19 protein, human
  • Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19
  • Prasugrel Hydrochloride
  • Ticagrelor