Objective: To study the treatment of patients hospitalized for asthma exacerbation in China. Methods: This was a retrospective study and involved patients hospitalized for asthma exacerbation in 29 hospitals throughout China during Jan 2013 to Dec 2014. Information of the demographic features, the severity of the exacerbation, the medicine prescribed during the hospitalization and the use of mechanical ventilation were collected and analyzed. Results: During the study period, there were 3 240 patients hospitalized for asthma exacerbation, and 1 369(42.3%) of them were males 1 871(57.7%)were females. Patients of mild, moderate, severe, and life-threatening exacerbation counted for 41.7%, 37.8%, 19.2% and 1.0%, respectively of the total patients. Of all the patients, 72.6% used bronchodilators by nebulizer, 70.8% used inhaled corticosteroids by nebulizer, 60.5% used intravenous corticosteroids, 17.3% used oral corticosteroids, and 80.5% used antibiotics. The percentages of patients using systemic corticosteroids and antibiotics were higher in patients with more severe exacerbation. In patients with mild exacerbation, there were 74.9% and 52.2% who used antibiotics and systemic corticosteroids, respectively. A total of 73 patients (2.3%) used mechanical ventilation, and 62 of them used noninvasive ventilation, 16 used invasive ventilation, and 5 used both. Conclusions: Nebulizer therapy has been accepted as the main administration route of medicine in the treatment of asthma exacerbation. A large amount of patients used antibiotics and systemic corticosteroids during hospitalization, indicating there may be some overuse of these medicines.
目的：调查分析我国城区支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)急性发作住院患者的治疗情况。 方法：纳入我国29个省、自治区、直辖市的29个城市的29家三级甲等医院2013年1月至2014年12月因哮喘急性发作住院的患者的临床资料，对其人口学资料、急性发作严重程度、住院期间药物治疗及机械通气情况进行回顾性调查分析。 结果：共纳入3 240例患者，其中男1 369例(42.3%)，女1 871例(57.7%)；轻、中、重度及危重度急性发作患者分别占41.7%、37.8%、19.2%及1.0%；72.6%的患者住院期间雾化吸入了支气管舒张剂，70.8%的患者雾化吸入了糖皮质激素(简称激素)；60.5%的患者静脉应用了激素，17.3%的患者接受了口服激素治疗；80.5%的患者住院期间应用了抗菌药物治疗。随着急性发作严重程度的增加，患者抗菌药物及全身激素的使用比例逐渐升高，即使在轻度患者中，也分别有74.9%及52.2%的患者应用了抗菌药物及全身激素。全部患者中73例(2.3%)应用了机械通气(其中应用无创通气的共62例，有创通气16例，无创＋有创机械通气5例)。 结论：我国城区哮喘急性发作住院患者雾化吸入治疗已作为主要给药途径，但仍需更进一步推广；目前尚存在抗菌药物和激素不合理使用的情况。.
Keywords: Asthma; Hospitalization; Retrospective study; Therapy.