[Kawasaki disease at a pediatric hospital in Mexico]

Abstract

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is one of the most common systemic vasculitis in children under 5 years of age. The epidemiology of the disease is not well established in Mexico. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology, clinical features and treatment of patients with KD at the Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez (HIMFG).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study of patients diagnosed from January 2004 to December 2014 with KD in the HIMFG.

Results: We analyzed 204 cases from which 55% were male, with a median age of 32.5 months (6-120) and a rate of hospitalization of 96%. Twenty percent of patients presented incomplete KD. No differences in the somatometric measurements or vitals were reported. The most frequent symptoms were fever, conjunctivitis (89%), oral changes (84%), pharyngitis (88%) and strawberry tongue (83%). We found higher acute phase reactants in the classic presentation. Echocardiographic alterations in 60 patients (29%), of which 12% were ectasia and 11% reported coronary aneurysms. On the other hand, 169 (83%) patients received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), 18 (9%) presented resistance to IVIG, 6 (3%) required corticosteroids, and 2 (1%) infliximab; all received acetylsalicylic acid.

Conclusions: There were no important differences between classic and incomplete presentations. The incidence of cardiac alterations is less than previously reported in Mexico, but similar to that of other countries.

Keywords: Alteraciones coronarias; Coronary aneurysm; Enfermedad de Kawasaki; Kawasaki disease; Latin America; Latinoamérica; Manifestaciones clínicas; Signs and symptoms.