Living tissues are more than cell clusters: The extracellular matrix as a driving force in morphogenesis

Abstract

In the study of morphogenesis, there is a general tendency to look at the extracellular matrix (ECM) as a mechanically passive agent that simply gives support to cells, and consequently, to place all the explanatory burden on cellular behaviors. Here we aimed to show that not only cells, but also the ECM may be an important force of morphogenesis. Understanding the mechanical role of the ECM broadens our view of morphogenesis and stresses the importance of considering embryonic tissues as a composite of cells and ECM.

Keywords: Budding; Evagination; Invagination; Mechanical forces; Morphological motifs.