Improved Glass Transition Temperature towards Thermal Stability via Thiols Solvent Additive versus DIO in Polymer Solar Cells

Abstract

The halogen-free solvent additive, 1,4-butanedithiol (BT) has been incorporated into PTB7-Th:PC₇₁ BM, leading to higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) value as well as substantially enhanced thermal stability, as compared with the traditional 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) additive. More importantly, the improved thermal stability after processing with BT contributes to a higher glass transition temperature (T_g ) of PTB7-Th, as determined by dynamic mechanical analysis. After thermal annealing at 130 °C in nitrogen atmosphere for 30 min, the PCE of the specimen processed with BT reduces from 9.3% to 7.1%, approaching to 80% of its original value. In contrast, the PCE of specimens processed with DIO seriously depresses from 8.3% to 3.8%. These findings demonstrate that smart utilization of low-boiling-point solvent additive is an effective and practical strategy to overcome thermal instability of organic solar cells via enhancing the T_g of donor polymer.

Keywords: additives; dynamic mechanical analysis; glass transition temperature; polymer solar cells; thermal stability.