Azodicarbonamide (ADCA): A reconsideration of classification as a respiratory sensitiser

Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2017 Oct:89:268-278. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.07.018. Epub 2017 Jul 20.

Abstract

Azodicarbonamide (ADCA) is widely used by industry in the manufacture of a variety of products. ADCA has been classified as a respiratory allergen, and the purpose of this article was to consider whether this classification is appropriate based upon the available data. Here both clinical experience and relevant experimental data have been reviewed. Although there have been reports of an association between workplace exposure to ADCA and symptoms of respiratory allergy and occupational asthma, the evidence is less than persuasive, with in many instances a lack of properly controlled and executed diagnostic procedures. In addition, ADCA fails to elicit positive responses in mouse and guinea pig predictive tests for skin sensitisation; a lack of activity that is regarded as being inconsistent with respect to respiratory sensitising potential. Collectively, the data reviewed here do not provide an adequate basis for the classification of ADCA as a respiratory allergen.

Keywords: Occupational asthma; Respiratory allergy; Skin sensitisation.

MeSH terms

  • Allergens / classification*
  • Allergens / toxicity*
  • Animals
  • Asthma / chemically induced
  • Azo Compounds / classification*
  • Azo Compounds / toxicity*
  • Guinea Pigs
  • Humans
  • Immunosuppressive Agents / classification*
  • Immunosuppressive Agents / toxicity*
  • Mice
  • Occupational Diseases / chemically induced*
  • Respiratory Hypersensitivity / chemically induced*
  • Skin / drug effects

Substances

  • Allergens
  • Azo Compounds
  • Immunosuppressive Agents
  • azodicarbonamide