Sensitivity and Reliability of Halothane-anaesthetized Microminipigs to Assess Risk of Drug-induced Long QT Syndrome

Abstract

Using moxifloxacin and terfenadine, which are known to induce benign and malignant QT interval prolongation, respectively, we analysed whether halothane-anaesthetized microminipigs are an appropriate model for assessing the risk of drug-induced long QT syndrome. Moxifloxacin (0.03, 0.3 and 3 mg/kg) and terfenadine (0.03, 0.3 and 3 mg/kg) were intravenously infused over 10 min. with a pause of 20 min. to the halothane-anaesthetized microminipigs (n = 4 for each drug). Moxifloxacin decreased the heart rate, whereas it increased the blood pressure in a dose-related manner. It also prolonged the PR interval and QT/QTc in a dose-related manner without altering the QRS width. Terfenadine decreased the heart rate and blood pressure, whereas it prolonged the PR interval, QRS width and QT/QTc in a dose-related manner. Terfenadine significantly prolonged the beat-to-beat variability of QT interval reflecting its pro-arrhythmic potential, which was not observed with moxifloxacin. The peak plasma concentrations of moxifloxacin and terfenadine after doses of 3 mg/kg were 4.81 and 10.15 μg/mL, respectively, which were both 1.5 times less in microminipigs than those previously reported in dogs. These results indicate that halothane-anaesthetized microminipigs would be useful for detecting drug-induced cardiovascular responses as well as differentiating benign from malignant QT interval prolongation like dogs, although there may be some differences in pharmacokinetic profile between these animals.