Esophageal duplication and congenital esophageal stenosis (CES) may represent diseases with common embryologic etiologies, namely, faulty tracheoesophageal separation and differentiation. Here, we will re-enforce definitions for these diseases as well as review their embryology, diagnosis, and treatment.
Keywords: Congenital esophageal stenosis; Esophageal duplication; Esophagus; Tracheobronchial remnants.
Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.